scholarly journals Radioimmunoassay of aldolase A. Determination of normal serum levels and increased serum concentration in cancer patients

Cancer ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1873-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Asaka ◽  
Kiyoshi Nagase ◽  
Tamotsu Miyazaki ◽  
Elliot Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Aldolase A

scholarly journals Differential expression of an equivalent clonotype among BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Cancro ◽  
NH Sigal ◽  
NR Klinman
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Myeloma Protein ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Immunoglobulin Allotype

The primary anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) response in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and congenic and recombinant inbred strains of these parental types has been examined in the splenic focus system. The frequencies of PC-specific precursors were shown to vary among these strains from 2 to 20 precursors per 10(6) splenic B cells. The distribution of these frequencies suggests that elements closely linked to or within the major histocompatibility complex may play a role in the determination of this parameter, although additional experiments are necessary to adequately assess this possibility. Moreover, all strains tested, regardless of immunoglobulin allotype, expressed monoclonal antibodies indistinguishable from the TEPC 15 myeloma protein (T15) clonotype. Further, the frequency of this clonotype in a given strain did not appear related to allotype, since both high and low T15 frequencies were found among strains of either the BALB/c (a(1)) or C57BL/6 (a(2)) allotype. The examination of normal serum for the T15 idiotype, however, revealed that only mice of the BALB/c allotype (a(1)) expressed the T15 idiotype in detectable quantities. After immunization with Diplococcus pneumoniae, sera from mice of the a(1) allotype consistently contained large quantities of the T15 idiotype, whereas sera from mice of the a(2) allotype exhibited various degrees of cross-reactivity with anti-T15 antibody. These results suggest that: (a) the allotype of an individual, although closely related to serum levels of an idiotype, is unrelated to the proportion of the precursor population which expresses that idiotype and; (b) the serum expression of a given idiotype may reflect regulatory processes, which act either during or before antigenic stimulation, rather than the actual clonotype representation in the repertoire. These findings indicate that distinctions must be made between the expression of idiotypic determinants within precursor B-cell populations and elements which regulate the subsequent appearance of those idiotypes in serum antibodies.

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF IgG ANTIBODIES REACTIVE TO TF, Tn AND ALPHAGal POLYACRYLAMIDE-GLYCOCONJUGATES IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: RELATION TO SURVIVAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E P Smorodin ◽  
B L Sergeyev
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Background: The serum levels of IgG antibodies reactive to glycoconjugates (TF, Tn and αGal) were found to be associated with prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Aim: To study the relation between the levels of serum antibodies to TF-pAA, Tn-PAA and αGal-PAA polyacrylamide-based glycoconjugates and survival in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The preoperative level of IgG antibodies was analysed in the serum of patients (n = 59) using ELISA with polyacrylamide-glycoconjugates namely, TF-pAA (amide-type), and ethanolamide-conjugates Tn-PAA and αGal-PAA. Survival rate and hazard ratio (HR) were assessed by the Kaplan — Meier method and Cox univariate analysis in different pathomorphological groups. Results: Significantly better survival was observed in patients with an increased level of anti-TF-pAA antibodies both for all patients in total and groups in stages II–III; N1–2 and G3 (p = 0.008–0.021, HR = 0.18–0.23, mean survival time in months 164–186 vs 69–121). A trend to worse survival was observed in increased level of anti-Tn IgG (stages II–III) and anti-αGal IgG (G3): p = 0.075, HR = 2.49 and p = 0.066, HR = 3.27, respectively. Conclusion: The method for the determination of circulating anti-TF-pAA IgG may be a useful supplement in long-term prognostic assessment of patients with breast cancer.

The Coulometric Determination of Glucose in Human Serum

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K Simon ◽  
Gary D Christian ◽  
William C Purdy
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Coulometric Titration ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Coulometric Determination

Abstract The coulometric titration method is combined with the use of an enzymatic analytic reagent for the determination of glucose in human serum. The glucose in 25 µl. of serum is determined in a protein-free filtrate (PFF) with an accuracy of ± 3% and a coefficient of variation of approximately 2%. The procedure routinely covers a concentration range of 25-250 mg/100 ml. Calibrations are linear to at least 450 mg./100 ml. with zero intercept. Glucose oxidase specifically catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide reacts with iodide, in the presence of molybdenum (VI) catalyst, to form iodine. A known excess of thiosulfate reduces the iodine as it is produced. The reagents and the sample are incubated at 25.0° and pH 5.1. After 15 min., the pH is adjusted to 8.0 with phosphate reagent to stop the enzymatic reaction. The residual thiosulfate is titrated coulometrically with iodine at pH 8.0 to a dead-stop end point at a generating current of 0.4825 ma. The difference between the sample and thiosulfate reagent titers is proportional to the glucose concentration. The method is empirical. Peroxide-reducing impurities in the glucose oxidase preparation and mutarotation equilibrium prevent the complete recovery of glucose under the conditions of the experiment. Calibrations are reproducible from day to day and week to week. Reagents and the PFF constitute a negligible titration blank. Only 1 calculation is necessary. A simplified apparatus and procedure for the preparation of PFF’s permits 15 manual determinations per hour. Coulometric assays of commercial serum controls are accurate to within 3-4%. Data indicate that the precision of the coulometric method exceeds that of the Auto-Analyzer, Folin-Wu, Glucostat, and Nelson-Somogyi procedures. The proposed method is free from interferences at normal serum levels.

EXOGENOUS PROGESTERONE: INFLUENCE ON OVULATION AND HORMONE LEVELS IN THE CYCLIC HAMSTER

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone

SUMMARY The oestrous cycle of the hamster is lengthened by 2 to 3 days when 2·5 or 5·0 mg progesterone are injected on day 1 of the cycle (day of ovulation). Antral follicles develop on day 2 but their growth is significantly retarded in progesterone-treated hamsters. Administration of progesterone is followed within 6 h by an abrupt decline in serum FSH and LH concentration but by day 3 the level of FSH is higher than normal. Serum LH is slower to recover in hamsters receiving 5 mg progesterone but normal levels are also restored by days 3 or 4. Increased serum levels of progesterone are maintained until days 3–5 in animals injected with progesterone. Despite the presence of antral follicles on day 2 and the fairly prompt restoration of normal levels of gonadotrophins, the serum concentration of oestradiol is suppressed for several days in the progesterone-treated hamster. This suggests that progesterone, in addition to affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary system, may also directly inhibit oestrogen secretion by the antral follicles.

Human Prothrombin Activation: Determination of Plasma and Serum Levels of Prothrombin Fragment 3 by Radioimmunoassay

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Walz ◽  
Thomas Brown
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Prothrombin Activation ◽  
Theoretical Amount

Human prothrombin activation is unique in that, in addition to the release of fragment 1.2 (FI.2) from the NH-terminus of prothrombin by factor Xa during the generation of thrombin, an additional 13 residue polypeptide, fragment 3 (F3), is autocatalytically removed from the amino-terminus of the thrombin A chain. We have developed a rapid radioimmunoassay for human F3 which incorporates short incubation times and the use of a preprecipitated second antibody; the assay can be performed in three hours. Specificity studies in buffer systems show prothrombin and prethrombin 1 cross-reacting at a level of 0.001; purified thrombin does not cross-react. In the presence of 5% BSA, prothrombin displays considerably less cross-reactivity. No immunoreactive material to F3 antibodies could be detected in 400 μL of plasma. Serum, obtained from whole blood clotting, contained measurable quantities of F3 (40-100 ng/mL). This amount in serum represents only 5-10% of the theoretical amount available should all of the fragment be hydrolytically cleaved during the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. This assay procedure is currently being utilized to monitor the activation of purified human prothrombin in the absence and presence of selected plasma inhibitors. (Supported in part by NIH 05384-17 and the Michigan Heart Association).

DETERMINATION OF P53 GENE CODON 72 POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER

2013 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Thi Tuy Ha Nguyen ◽  
Thi Minh Thi Ha
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Diffuse Gastric Cancer ◽  
Codon 72 ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The role of p53 gene in the gastric cancer is still controversial. This study is aimed at determining the rate of the p53 gene codon 72 polymorphisms in gastric cancer patients and evaluating the relationship between these polymorphisms and endoscopic and histopathological features of gastric cancer. Patients and methods: Sixty eight patients with gastric cancer (cases) and one hundred and thirty six patients without gastric cancer (controls) were enrolled. p53 gene codon 72 polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP technique with DNA extracted from samples of gastric tissue. Results: In the group of gastric cancer, Arginine/Argnine, Arginine/Proline and Proline/Proline genotypes were found in 29.4%, 42.7% and 27.9%, respectively. The differences of rates were not statistically significant between cases and controls (p > 0,05). In males, the Proline/Proline genotype was found in 38.1% in patients with gastric cancer and more frequent in patients without gastric cancer (15.7%, p = 0,01). An analysis of ROC curve showed that the cut-off was the age of 52 in the Proline/Proline genotype, but it was 65 years old in the Arginine/Proline genotype. The Proline/Proline genotype was found in 41.9% in Borrmann III/IV gastric cancer, this rate was higher than Borrmann I/II gastric cancer (16.2%, p = 0.037) and also higher than controls (18.4%, p = 0,01). The rate of Proline/Proline genotype was 41.7% in the diffuse gastric cancer, it was higher than in controls (p = 0,023). Conclusion: No significative difference of rate was found in genotypes between gastric cancer group and controls. However, there was the relationship between Proline/Proline genotype and gastric cancer in males, Borrmann types of gastric cancer, the diffuse gastric cancer. Key words: polymorphism, codon 72, p53 gene, PCR - RFLP, gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Circulating bioactive sclerostin levels in an Austrian population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kerschan-Schindl ◽  
Ursula Föger-Samwald ◽  
Andreas Gleiss ◽  
Stefan Kudlacek ◽  
Jacqueline Wallwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Robust Parameter ◽  
Austrian Population ◽  
Different Levels

Summary Background Circulating serum sclerostin levels are supposed to give a good estimation of the levels of this negative regulator of bone mass within bone. Most studies evaluating total serum sclerostin found different levels in males compared to females and in older compared to younger subjects. Besides an ELISA detecting total sclerostin an ELISA determining bioactive sclerostin has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of bioactive sclerostin in an Austrian population-based cohort. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in 235 healthy subjects. Using the bioactive ELISA assay (Biomedica) bioactive sclerostin levels were evaluated. Results Serum levels of bioactive sclerostin were higher in men than in women (24%). The levels correlated positively with age (r = 0.47). A positive correlation could also be detected with body mass index and bone mineral density. Conclusion Using the ELISA detecting bioactive sclerostin our results are consistent with data in the literature obtained by different sclerostin assays. The determination of sclerostin concentrations in peripheral blood thus appears to be a robust parameter of bone metabolism.

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